Detection of autoantibodies in central nervous system inflammatory disorders: Clinical application of cell-based
Rachel Dias Molina1, Lucas Piccoli Conzatti2, Ana Paula Bornes da Silva3
1Neuroinflammation and Neuroimmunology Lab, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Medical School, Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Abstract:
The identification of autoantibodies in central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disorders improves diagnostic accuracy and the identification of patients with a relapsing disease. Usual methods to detect autoantibodies are usually divided into 3 categories: tissue-based assays, protein-based assays and cell-based assays (CBA). Tissue-based assays are commonly used for initial identification of autoantibodies based on staining patterns and co-localization. Once the antigen is known, autoantibodies can be detected using other antigen-specific methods based on recombinant proteins and CBA using transfected cells expressing the protein in their cell membranes. Compared to traditional methods using recombinant proteins such as ELISA and western blot, the CBA have advantage of detecting conformational sensitive antibodies using natively folded proteins in the cell membrane. This article reviews the utility of CBA into the clinical practice.
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