Super Effective Removal of Toxic Metals Water Pollutants Using Multi Functionalized Polyacrylonitrile and Arabic Gum...

Super adsorbent polymers can be considered to be a very efficient solution for wastewater treatment. In general, their adsorption capacities depend on the type and amount of the functional groups present on the surface of the polymers, while their economic value is affected by their cost. Therefore, this study aims to understand the effect of multi-functionalization of cheap Arabic gum on the adsorption capability toward heavy metals. Graft copolymers of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) onto Arabic gum (AG) were prepared in aqueous solution using (KMnO₄/HNO₃) as a redox initiator. Chemical modification of the graft copolymer was carried out by reaction with hydrazine hydrochloride followed by hydrolysis in the basic medium. The modified graft product was characterized by various techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The modified graft copolymer was used to adsorb Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ from their aqueous solutions using batch extraction. Different parameters influence the uptake behavior, including contact time, pH, and the initial concentration of the metal ions; all of these were investigated. The kinetics were investigated using the pseudo first order and pseudo second order, and the equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich model. The modified graft product showed the superadsorbent capacity to obtain maximum values (Qmax) 1017, 413 and 396 mg/g for Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺, respectively. Acid treatment with 0.2 M HNO₃ resulted in 96%, 99% and 99% metal recovery for the Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺, respectively. This indicates the recyclability of product for further usage upon drying between treatments.