Chalcone synthases (CHSs): the symbolic type III polyketide synthases
Shahzad A Pandith1, Salika Ramazan2, Mohd Ishfaq Khan2
1Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India. drshahzad@uok.edu.in.
Planta
|November 29, 2019
Summary
This review summarizes chalcone synthase (CHS) research over three decades, detailing its structure, function, and evolutionary significance. Future studies will further explore the intricate mechanisms of this key enzyme in polyketide biosynthesis.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Natural Product Biosynthesis
Background:
- Chalcone synthase (CHS) is a pivotal Type III polyketide synthase (PKS) initiating phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis.
- CHS is the first discovered Type III PKS, known for its structural complexity and versatile catalytic functions.
- It plays a crucial role in plant defense mechanisms and the production of various secondary metabolites.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of chalcone synthase (CHS) research from the past three to four decades.
- To summarize fundamental aspects including history, distribution, localization, structure, and function of CHS.
- To highlight mechanistic studies, mutation effects, and evolutionary significance of CHS for future research directions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing data on chalcone synthase (CHS).
- Analysis of structural and mechanistic studies across different species.
- Examination of promoter analyses, non-plant host analogs, and evolutionary aspects.
Main Results:
- CHS exhibits remarkable versatility in structural and functional organization beyond characteristic secondary metabolites.
- Investigations have elucidated aspects of its structural complexity and promiscuous functional behavior.
- Data on CHS history, distribution, localization, structure, analogs, promoter activity, defense roles, and evolutionary significance have been compiled.
Conclusions:
- This review offers a thorough insight into CHS, emphasizing its structural and mechanistic intricacies.
- It provides a foundation for future studies aimed at a deeper understanding of polyketide biosynthetic machinery.
- Further research on CHS will enhance comprehension of its role in plant biochemistry and evolution.
Keywords:
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