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Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport01:16

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Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
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Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

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Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues. They contain cells, also known as formed elements, circulating in a liquid extracellular matrix, the plasma. The formed elements are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Blood and lymph connect all vital parts and carry nutrients, oxygen, and other essential molecules like antibodies.
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Overview of the Vascular System01:20

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The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
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Hypodermis01:02

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The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Lymphatic vessels in human adipose tissue.

Patricia de Albuquerque Garcia Redondo1,2, Fernanda Gubert3,4, Camila Zaverucha-do-Valle4,5

  • 1Programa de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. prbioeng@gmail.com.

Cell and Tissue Research
|November 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Human visceral adipose tissue (VAT) contains lymphatic vessels, unlike subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), which rarely shows these crucial lymphatic vascular structures. This study clarifies lymphatic vessel presence in human fat depots.

Keywords:
AdiposeLymphaticsSubcutaneousVesselsVisceral

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Area of Science:

  • Adipose tissue biology
  • Lymphatic vascular system research
  • Human tissue anatomy

Background:

  • Lymphatic vessels are vital for tissue fluid homeostasis and are typically found in vascularized tissues.
  • The presence and structure of lymphatic networks within human adipose tissue (AT) remain poorly understood.
  • Previous studies have not definitively demonstrated lymphatic vessels in the parenchyma of human AT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and distribution of lymphatic vessels within human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT).
  • To address the unanswered question regarding the lymphatic network's existence in the tissue parenchyma of human AT.
  • To compare lymphatic vascularization between SAT and VAT in humans.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized whole mount staining techniques on human SAT and VAT samples.
  • Employed lymphatic-specific markers to identify vascular structures.
  • Applied three-dimensional imaging to visualize the lymphatic network in detail.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the presence of lymphatic capillaries and larger lymphatic vessels within human visceral adipose tissue (VAT).
  • Observed rare microcirculatory lymphatic vascular structures in human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT).
  • Found no evidence of initial lymphatics in human SAT.

Conclusions:

  • Human visceral adipose tissue (VAT) possesses a distinct lymphatic vascular network.
  • Human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) exhibits limited or absent lymphatic vascularization, particularly initial lymphatics.
  • These findings highlight significant differences in lymphatic drainage between visceral and subcutaneous fat depots.