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Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells
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Immunomodulation of NK Cell Activity.

Carolina I Domaica1, Jessica M Sierra1, Norberto W Zwirner1

  • 1Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Natural killer (NK) cells combat infections and tumors. Flow cytometry protocols help assess NK cell functions for cancer immunotherapies.

Keywords:
ADCC (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity)CD107aCytokinesCytotoxicityDegranulationFlow cytometryIFN-γNatural killer cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial immune cells with innate cytotoxic and cytokine-secreting capabilities against virus-infected and tumor cells.
  • NK cell activity is regulated by germline-encoded receptors and external factors like cytokines and Toll-like receptor ligands.
  • Tumor cells often suppress NK cell activity, necessitating strategies to restore anti-tumor immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present flow cytometry-based protocols for analyzing NK cell effector functions.
  • To evaluate the potential of therapeutic compounds in modulating NK cell activity.
  • To advance NK cell-based immunotherapies for malignant diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized flow cytometry to assess NK cell cytotoxicity against target cells.
  • Quantified cytokine and chemokine secretion by NK cells.
  • Employed protocols to study NK cell receptor-ligand interactions and regulatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Established robust flow cytometry assays for measuring NK cell killing and cytokine production.
  • Demonstrated the utility of these assays in evaluating the immunomodulatory effects of various compounds.
  • Provided a framework for assessing strategies to overcome tumor-induced NK cell suppression.

Conclusions:

  • Flow cytometry offers versatile tools for dissecting NK cell effector functions.
  • These methods are essential for developing and validating novel immunotherapeutic strategies targeting NK cells.
  • Restoring NK cell antitumor activity holds significant promise for cancer treatment.