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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

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The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
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Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

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Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Defining Hsp33's Redox-regulated Chaperone Activity and Mapping Conformational Changes on Hsp33 Using Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry
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Defining Hsp33's Redox-regulated Chaperone Activity and Mapping Conformational Changes on Hsp33 Using Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry

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Oxidative Stress and Autophagy.

Qi Gao1

  • 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China. 23147511@qq.com.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|November 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cells adapt to environmental stress and tissue damage by activating response pathways. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) trigger autophagy, a cellular process, via key signaling pathways like PI3K/Akt and AMPK.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Molecular mechanisms of stress response

Background:

  • Human cells constantly encounter external stimuli and internal changes, such as oxidative stress and tissue damage.
  • Adaptation to these challenges requires complex cellular regulatory pathways to maintain physiological stability and survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating autophagy.
  • To investigate the specific signaling pathways involved in ROS-mediated autophagy.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on signaling pathways including PI3K/Akt, AMPK, JNK, and ERK.
  • Examination of the involvement of autophagy-related gene 4 (ATG4).

Main Results:

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are identified as key inducers of autophagy.
Keywords:
AutophagyJNKPI3K/AktROS

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  • Multiple signaling cascades, including PI3K/Akt, AMPK, JNK, and ERK, mediate ROS-induced autophagy.
  • The ATG4 pathway is implicated in the ROS-mediated regulation of autophagy.

    • Conclusions:

    • Autophagy is a critical cellular response to oxidative stress, regulated by ROS.
    • Understanding ROS-mediated signaling pathways provides insights into cellular adaptation and survival mechanisms.