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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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A conductor needs to be a component of a path that creates a closed loop or full circuit to have a continuous current flowing through it. A current starts to flow if an electric field is created inside an isolated conductor that is not part of a full circuit. The conductor quickly develops a net positive charge at one end and a net negative charge at the other. These charges generate an electric field opposite the direction of the applied electric field, which reduces the current. Eventually,...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Rechargeable Intermetallic Calcium-Lithium-O2 Batteries.

Mi-Jin Kim1, Hui-Ju Kang1, Won Bin Im2

  • 1Department of Advanced Chemicals & Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.

Chemsuschem
|November 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Calcium-lithium intermetallic anodes enable rechargeable batteries with organic electrolytes and air cathodes. This breakthrough overcomes passivation issues, paving the way for efficient energy storage using earth-abundant materials.

Keywords:
air batteriescalciumintermetallic anodesorganic liquid electrolytesolid electrolyte interphase

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Growing demand for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.
  • Research focus on polyvalent cations (Ca, Mg, Al, Y) as alternatives to lithium.
  • Calcium's promising properties (strength, safety, abundance, capacity, potential) but hindered by electrolyte passivation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a rechargeable battery system using calcium anodes and organic liquid electrolytes.
  • Overcome the passivation layer issue that prevents reversible plating on calcium electrodes.
  • Enable the use of earth-abundant, high-energy-density air cathodes with calcium-based systems.

Main Methods:

  • Formation of an intermetallic CaLi2 anode by using lithium as a host for calcium.
  • Assembly of a rechargeable battery system with the novel CaLi2 anode and organic liquid electrolytes.
  • Coupling the system with an air cathode without requiring special passivation agents.

Main Results:

  • Successfully developed a rechargeable battery system with Ca anodes and liquid organic electrolytes.
  • The intermetallic CaLi2 anode prevented undesirable reactions and passivation.
  • Enabled the coupling with an earth-abundant, high-energy-density air cathode.

Conclusions:

  • The intermetallic CaLi2 anode strategy is a simple and broadly applicable solution for polyvalent cation batteries.
  • Opens new avenues for engineering electrode materials for efficient electrochemical energy storage.
  • Facilitates the development of practical rechargeable batteries using earth-abundant materials.