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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

478
Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
478
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

227
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
227
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

798
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
798
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

721
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
721
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

243
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
243
Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

327
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
327

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A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
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Acute kidney injury.

Claudio Ronco1, Rinaldo Bellomo2, John A Kellum3

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy; Department of Nephrology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.

Lancet (London, England)
|November 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects 10-15% of hospitalized patients and over 50% in intensive care. New biomarkers and interventions show promise for managing this complex condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a rapid decline in kidney function, affecting a significant portion of hospitalized and critically ill patients.
  • AKI can progress to chronic kidney disease, highlighting the need for early detection and management.
  • The heterogeneity of AKI, encompassing diverse syndromes like sepsis and cardiorenal syndrome, complicates diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of acute kidney injury (AKI), including its definition, incidence, and clinical implications.
  • To discuss the role of emerging biomarkers in assessing kidney injury and guiding therapeutic strategies.
  • To review current approaches to AKI management, considering clinical context and resource availability.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies and clinical guidelines on acute kidney injury.
  • Analysis of the incidence and prevalence of AKI in different patient populations.
  • Evaluation of the diagnostic and prognostic value of novel kidney injury biomarkers.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding the effectiveness of various AKI interventions.

Main Results:

  • AKI incidence is substantial, particularly in intensive care units (ICU) where it exceeds 50%.
  • Biomarkers offer potential for improved risk stratification and personalized therapy in AKI.
  • Despite treatment controversies, growing evidence supports the combined use of certain interventions.

Conclusions:

  • AKI is a complex syndrome with significant morbidity and mortality, requiring tailored management strategies.
  • Biomarkers are crucial for early detection and risk assessment, potentially guiding therapy.
  • While treatment effectiveness varies, combined interventions show increasing evidence of benefit in AKI management.