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Updated: Jan 3, 2026
Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
Published on: March 17, 2023
Predictive risk factors for autoimmune thyroid diseases in patients with pernicious anemia
João Tadeu Damian Souto Filho1, Esther de Souza Beiral2, Fernanda Santos Azevedo2
1Faculdade de Medicina de Campos, Hospital Escola Álvaro Alvim, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Background:
Patients with pernicious anemia (PA) have a higher prevalence of other autoimmune diseases. We assessed the correlation between PA and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), and evaluated the risk factors for this association.
Methods:
A longitudinal study was conducted involving patients with PA between 2010 and 2017.
Results:
A total of 86 patients with PA were evaluated, 74 (86%) female, with a median age of 51.5 years. Thyroid abnormalities were detected in 45 (52.3%) patients, including 28 (32.3%) hypothyroidism, 3 (3.5%) hyperthyroidism and 20 (23.3%) thyroperoxidase antibody positivity. Logistic regression analysis identified risk factors for having AITD in PA patients: weight loss (OR 12.03; 95% CI 1.06-137.02, P=0.045), diabetes mellitus (OR 4.68, 95% CI 1.15-26.58, P=0.047) and gastric antibodies positivity (OR 5.05, 95% CI 1.45-18.24, P=0.013).
Conclusion:
PA and AITD are frequently associated, suggesting all patients with PA should be investigated for occult thyroid disease, especially those with weight loss, diabetes mellitus and gastric autoantibodies.
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