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Apple B-box (BBX) genes regulate fruit red color by activating MYB transcription factors. Multiple BBX genes, including BBX1, directly activate MYB10, influencing anthocyanin biosynthesis and

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Fruit Development and Physiology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Fruit color, particularly red in apples, is influenced by environmental factors and gene expression.
  • Apple B-box (BBX) genes, like BBX33/COL11, are known to affect red-skin color in response to light and temperature.
  • Understanding the broader role of the BBX gene family in apple color regulation is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of various apple BBX genes in regulating fruit color.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which BBX genes interact with MYB transcription factors and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways.
  • To analyze the diurnal expression patterns of BBX genes and their relationship with color-related genes during apple fruit development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of expression patterns for 23 BBX genes during apple fruit development and their diurnal rhythms.
  • Investigating the diurnal rhythms of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and the MYB10 activator.
  • Performing transactivation assays to determine the direct activation of the MYB10 promoter by specific BBX proteins.
  • Using truncated MYB10 promoter constructs to identify key activation regions for BBX1.
  • Examining the effect of BBX1 overexpression on ethylene content, cyanidin concentration, and gene expression in transformed apple lines.

Main Results:

  • Several BBX proteins (BBX1, BBX17, BBX15, BBX35, BBX51, BBX54) were identified as direct activators of the MYB10 promoter.
  • BBX1 was found to enhance the activation of MYB10 and MdbHLH3 on the promoter of the DFR gene, a key anthocyanin biosynthetic gene.
  • A specific region on the MYB10 promoter was identified as critical for BBX1-mediated activation.
  • Overexpression of BBX1 in apple lines led to reduced internal ethylene, altered cyanidin concentration, and changes in related gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple BBX genes play a direct role in activating MYB10, a key regulator of apple fruit color.
  • BBX1 significantly contributes to the activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, including DFR.
  • The regulation of 'Royal Gala' apple color involves the integrated expression of multiple BBX genes, acting in conjunction with environmental signals to control MYB10 expression.