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Recent advances in understanding Japanese encephalitis
Arup Banerjee1,2, Aarti Tripathi2
1Laboratory of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
Abstract:
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a clinical manifestation of the brain inflammation caused by JE virus (JEV). This virus imparts permanent neurological damage, thus imposing a heavy burden on public health and society. Neuro-inflammation is the hallmark of JEV infection. The prolonged pro-inflammatory response is due primarily to microglial activation, which eventually leads to severe encephalitis. A continual effort is going on in the scientific community toward an understanding of cellular and molecular factors that are involved in JEV neuro-invasion and inflammatory processes. This review not only gives a comprehensive update on the recent advances on understanding virus structure and mechanisms of pathogenesis but also briefly discusses crucial unresolved issues. We also highlight challenging areas of research that might open new avenues for controlling virus-induced neuro-inflammation.
Insights
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a severe brain inflammation caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Understanding JEV
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a significant public health concern caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV).
- Neuro-inflammation, characterized by microglial activation, is a key feature of JEV infection, leading to severe encephalitis and permanent neurological damage.
- Current research focuses on elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying JEV neuro-invasion and the inflammatory response.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements in understanding JEV.
- To detail the virus structure and pathogenesis mechanisms.
- To identify critical unresolved issues and future research directions in controlling JEV-induced neuro-inflammation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent scientific publications.
- Analysis of studies on JEV structure and pathogenesis.
- Synthesis of findings on cellular and molecular factors in neuro-inflammation.
Main Results:
- Recent advances in understanding JEV structure and pathogenesis have been compiled.
- Key cellular and molecular players in JEV neuro-invasion and inflammation are discussed.
- Unresolved issues and challenges in JEV research are highlighted.
Conclusions:
- A deeper understanding of JEV pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective treatments.
- Further research into virus-host interactions and neuro-inflammatory pathways is needed.
- Identifying new therapeutic targets may lead to better control of JEV-induced neuro-inflammation.
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