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Update on Myopia Risk Factors and Microenvironmental Changes.

Valeria Coviltir1,2, Miruna Burcel3, Alina Popa Cherecheanu1,4

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bd. Eroii Sanitari 8, Bucharest, Romania.

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Summary

This review highlights recent advances in myopia pathogenesis, exploring its complex genetics, environmental factors, and molecular pathways to identify new therapeutic targets for this common vision disorder.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology and Vision Science
  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Myopia, a prevalent refractive error, poses a significant public health challenge.
  • Understanding the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors in myopia development is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in myopia pathogenesis.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets by examining molecular pathways and genetic factors.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on genetic and environmental influences on myopia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications on myopia.
  • Analysis of genetic studies, including candidate genes and loci.
  • Evaluation of research on environmental factors and signaling pathways in myopia development.

Main Results:

  • Myopia pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving complex genetic predispositions.
  • Environmental factors play a significant role in myopia development and progression.
  • Specific molecular signaling pathways are implicated in the biological mechanisms of myopia.

Conclusions:

  • Recent molecular and genetic insights offer promising avenues for novel myopia therapies.
  • A comprehensive understanding of myopia's etiology is essential for effective prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Further research into signaling pathways can unlock targeted therapeutic interventions for myopia.