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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
2.6K
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
624
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

626
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
626
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

405
Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
405
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

2.2K
The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

282
Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
282

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Isolation of Atrial Cardiomyocytes from a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome-related Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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Amyloidosis in Heart Failure.

Sandra Ihne1,2,3, Caroline Morbach1,3,4, Laura Obici5

  • 1Interdisciplinary Amyloidosis Center of Northern Bavaria, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.

Current Heart Failure Reports
|November 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac amyloidosis, a common cause of heart failure, is often missed. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial due to new therapies for light chain (AL) and transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis, improving survival.

Keywords:
AL amyloidosisATTR amyloidosisAmyloid cardiomyopathyCardiac amyloidosisDiagnostic algorithmHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Amyloidosis

Background:

  • Cardiac amyloidosis is an underdiagnosed cause of heart failure.
  • It presents with significant clinical and etiological heterogeneity, leading to delayed diagnosis and high mortality.
  • Increasingly effective therapies for light chain (AL) and transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis necessitate greater awareness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diversity of cardiac amyloidosis and its link to heart failure.
  • To outline diagnostic algorithms and therapeutic strategies based on amyloidosis type.
  • To emphasize the importance of screening for amyloidosis as a treatable differential diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cardiac amyloidosis diagnosis and treatment.
  • Discussion of diagnostic algorithms including non-biopsy approaches for ATTR amyloidosis.
  • Analysis of therapeutic considerations for AL and ATTR amyloidosis.

Main Results:

  • Non-biopsy diagnosis is feasible for ATTR amyloidosis, improving detection rates.
  • Updated biomarker-guided staging systems aid risk stratification.
  • Novel therapies for ATTR amyloidosis and improved treatments for AL amyloidosis offer better outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation are vital for improving survival in cardiac amyloidosis.
  • New therapeutic options present implementation challenges.
  • Referral to specialized centers is recommended for comprehensive diagnosis and treatment.