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Anatomical Positions01:11

Anatomical Positions

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In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
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Prevailing head position to one side in early infancy-A population-based study.

Elisabeth J M Straathof1, Kirsten R Heineman1,2, Elisa G Hamer1,3

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Summary

Prevailing head position to one side (PHP) is common in infants, decreasing with age. While not concerning at 2-3 months, PHP at 4-5 months may signal developmental challenges.

Keywords:
infancymotor developmentneurological conditionperinatal riskprevailing head position

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Infant Health
  • Neuromotor Development

Background:

  • Prevailing head position to one side (PHP) is a common observation in young infants.
  • Understanding its prevalence and associations is crucial for early developmental assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of prevailing head position to one side (PHP) in young infants.
  • To evaluate associations between PHP and reaching performance, neurological status, and perinatal/socio-economic factors.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study of 500 infants (2-6 months corrected age) representative of the Dutch population.
  • Assessment of PHP and reaching using the Infant Motor Profile.
  • Neurological condition evaluated with the Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment; data collected via questionnaires and medical records.

Main Results:

  • PHP was observed in 20% of infants, decreasing from 49% at 2 months to 0% at 6 months.
  • PHP at 4-5 months was significantly associated with poorer reaching performance and at-risk neurological scores.
  • Weak associations were found between PHP and prenatal substance exposure, postnatal hospital admission, and paternal Dutch background.

Conclusions:

  • PHP at 2-3 months is common and generally has limited clinical significance.
  • PHP at 4-5 months is a potential red flag, indicating possible challenges in functional and neurological development.
  • Early identification of PHP at 4-5 months may prompt further developmental evaluation.