Thermodynamically Stable Mesoporous C₃ N₇ and C₃ N₆ with Ordered Structure and Their Excellent Performance for Oxygen...

Carbon nitrides with a high N/C atomic ratio (>2) are expected to offer superior basicity and unique electronic properties. However, the synthesis of these nanostructures is highly challenging since many parts of the CN frameworks in the carbon nitride should be replaced with thermodynamically less stable NN frameworks as the nitrogen content increases. Thermodynamically stable C₃ N₇ and C₃ N₆ with an ordered mesoporous structure are synthesized at 250 and 300 °C respectively via a pyrolysis process of 5-amino-1H-tetrazole (5-ATTZ). Polymerization of the precursor to the ordered mesoporous C₃ N₇ and C₃ N₆ is clearly proved by X-ray and electron diffraction analyses. A combined analysis including diverse spectroscopy and FDMNES and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrates that the NN bonds are stabilized in the form of tetrazine and/or triazole moieties in the C₃ N₇ and C₃ N₆ . The ordered mesoporous C₃ N₇ represents the better oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performances (onset potential: 0.81 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), electron transfer number: 3.9 at 0.5 V vs RHE) than graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃ N₄ ) and the ordered mesoporous C₃ N₆ . The study on the mechanism of ORR suggests that nitrogen atoms in the tetrazine moiety of the ordered mesoporous C₃ N₇ act as active sites for its improved ORR activity.