[A sociological perspective on facial transplant]

Area of Science:

• Medical sociology
• Plastic surgery
• Social psychology

Background:

• Facial disfigurement presents complex challenges, blurring the lines between medical and social problems.
• Societal perceptions and the pursuit of 'normality' significantly impact individuals with facial differences.
• Organ transplantation, particularly facial transplantation, carries substantial risks and ethical considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the dual nature of facial disfigurement as a medical and social construct.
• To analyze the patient journey within facial surgery services and its implications.
• To examine the outcomes and societal responses related to facial transplantation and living with disfigurement.

Main Methods:

• Qualitative analysis of patient trajectories in facial surgery services.
• Review of outcomes data for facial transplant patients in France.
• Examination of advocacy efforts by charities in England concerning facial disfigurement.

Main Results:

• Patient experiences in facial surgery services underscore the societal privilege associated with 'normality'.
• Facial transplantation in France has a significant mortality rate, with 40% of patients dying since 2005.
• Advocacy groups in England champion the right for individuals to live with facial disfigurement.

Conclusions:

• Facial disfigurement necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, addressing both medical and psychosocial dimensions.
• The pursuit of normality in reconstructive surgery raises questions about societal acceptance and inclusivity.
• Further research is needed to improve outcomes and support for individuals affected by facial disfigurement.