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During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...
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The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
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Assessment of the Metabolic Effects of Isocaloric 2:1 Intermittent Fasting in Mice
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Sleep profile during fasting in PPAR-alpha knockout mice.

Yoshitsugu Kondo1, Sachiko Chikahisa2, Tetsuya Shiuchi2

  • 1Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.

Physiology & Behavior
|December 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) influences wakefulness during fasting. PPARα knockout mice exhibit reduced activity and sleepiness when food-deprived, indicating its role in energy metabolism and sleep regulation.

Keywords:
Food deprivationKetone bodiesPPARαSleep

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic regulation
  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a nuclear receptor regulating lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.
  • PPARα influences hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis, processes critical during fasting.
  • Energy metabolism is intrinsically linked to sleep-wake regulation, suggesting a role for PPARα in this process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of PPARα in regulating sleep and wakefulness.
  • To examine the physiological responses to fasting in mice lacking functional PPARα.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized PPARα knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) controls.
  • Recorded sleep, body temperature, locomotor activity, arterial pressure, and heart rate.
  • Assessed plasma ketone bodies and hepatic/brain Hmgcs2 mRNA expression under fed and food-deprived conditions.

Main Results:

  • KO and WT mice showed similar basal physiological parameters, but KO mice exhibited increased sleepiness.
  • Food deprivation caused a significant reduction in wakefulness and activity in KO mice, unlike WT mice.
  • KO mice displayed lower plasma ketone levels and reduced Hmgcs2 expression during fasting.

Conclusions:

  • PPARα signaling is implicated in maintaining wakefulness and locomotor activity during fasting in mice.
  • Lipid metabolism regulated by PPARα plays a crucial role in the physiological adaptations to fasting, including sleep-wakefulness balance.