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Modulating Cognition Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Cerebellum
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Experimental-design Specific Changes in Spontaneous EEG and During Intermittent Photic Stimulation by High Definition

V V Lazarev1, N Gebodh2, T Tamborino1

  • 1Laboratory of Neurobiology and Clinical Neurophysiology, National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Neuroscience
|December 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

High Definition transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS) and electroencephalography (EEG) integration shows promise. This study reveals methodological considerations for isolating HD-tDCS effects on EEG, particularly concerning background brain activity and responses to photic stimulation.

Keywords:
EEG photic drivingIntermittent photic stimulationelectroencephalography (EEG)transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) can serve as a biomarker for neuromodulation effects of High Definition transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS).
  • Both EEG and HD-tDCS are deployable technologies that can be integrated into a single head-gear.
  • Investigating the precise EEG changes induced by HD-tDCS requires careful experimental design to distinguish focal stimulation effects from other neural activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address experimental design challenges in separating the focal EEG effects of HD-tDCS.
  • To assess changes in offline EEG at central and occipital locations following HD-tDCS.
  • To evaluate interhemispheric asymmetry in background EEG and responses to intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) as potential indicators of HD-tDCS neuromodulation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of pre- vs. post-intervention EEG in three arms: Active HD-tDCS (2mA), Sham HD-tDCS, and No-Stimulation.
  • Assessment of background EEG in standard frequency bands and responses to 3 Hz intermittent photic stimulation (IPS).
  • Analysis of EEG changes at homologous central (C3, C4) and occipital (O1, O2) locations, focusing on interhemispheric asymmetry.

Main Results:

  • Asymmetric background EEG changes, primarily in central areas with right-side amplitude spectra prevalence, were most pronounced in the no-stimulation arm, indicating transitions between drowsiness and vigilance.
  • The active HD-tDCS arm showed less pronounced asymmetric changes in the alpha band compared to the no-stimulation arm.
  • Responses to IPS exhibited similar asymmetric amplitude increases at four harmonics of the IPS frequency in the active arm, alongside a brain-wide symmetric increase in both active and sham arms.

Conclusions:

  • Methodological considerations are crucial for accurately isolating putative brain polarization outcomes from HD-tDCS using EEG.
  • Background EEG changes, particularly concerning drowsiness and vigilance markers, can confound the interpretation of focal stimulation effects.
  • Specific asymmetric responses to IPS in the active HD-tDCS arm suggest a potential biomarker for targeted neuromodulation, but require careful interpretation within the context of overall EEG changes.