Global Trends in Anaphylaxis Epidemiology and Clinical Implications

Area of Science:

• Allergy and Immunology
• Public Health Surveillance
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Anaphylaxis (severe allergic reactions) monitoring is challenging globally due to underreporting and limited surveillance systems.
• Existing data primarily from hospital admissions are limited by diagnostic and generalizability issues.
• Despite challenges, evidence suggests a global rise in anaphylaxis incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the global scale and trends of anaphylaxis.
• To analyze anaphylaxis mortality rates and case-fatality.
• To identify regional patterns and modifiable risk factors for anaphylaxis.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of existing global data sets, primarily hospital admissions.
• Review of regional patterns and published fatality registers.
• Identification of specific trigger-related anaphylaxis and risk factors.

Main Results:

• Convincing evidence indicates a global increase in all-cause anaphylaxis, driven by medications and foods.
• No parallel increase in global anaphylaxis mortality was observed; case-fatality rates remain stable at 0.5%-1%.
• Regional studies identified specific triggers (e.g., cetuximab, mammalian meat allergy) and modifiable risk factors.

Conclusions:

• Anaphylaxis incidence is rising globally, particularly medication- and food-induced.
• Anaphylaxis mortality rates are stable, suggesting effective management and prevention strategies.
• Understanding regional patterns and risk factors is crucial for clinical practice and public health interventions.