Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cell Signaling in Plants

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...

Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane

Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane

Proteins targeted to the inner chloroplast membrane, or plastid proteins, are transported by two general pathways: the stop-transfer and the re-insertion or post-import pathways. Most plastid proteins carry N-terminal transit sequences and internal import sequences targeting it to the specific chloroplast subcompartment. Proteins targeted by the stop-transfer pathway have internal hydrophobic sequences that inhibit their translocation into the stroma. As a result, these precursors are arrested...

Morphogenesis

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order...

Protein Transport to the Stroma

Protein Transport to the Stroma

Chloroplasts are triple membrane structures with an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and a thylakoid membrane, each containing distinct metabolite transporters, membrane translocons, and enzymes. Appropriate sorting and translocating these proteins to their correct membrane systems is essential for chloroplast function.
Protein complexes called the translocon of the outer chloroplast membrane or TOC complex, and the translocon of the inner chloroplast membrane or TIC complex mediate the...

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Plastid perturbations trigger epigenetic programs during environmental sensing in plants.

Plant physiology·2026

Same author

Intragenic methylation repatterning is associated with alternative splicing and unique epigenetic phenotypes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Short-Term High Light Stress Analysis Through Differential Methylation Identifies Root Architecture and Cell Size Responses.

Plant, cell & environment·2024

Same author

Phenotypic plasticity for improved light harvesting, in tandem with methylome repatterning in reef-building corals.

Molecular ecology·2023

Same author

A single-nucleotide substitution in the leucine-rich-repeat-only gene CsLRR1 confers powdery mildew resistance in cucumber.

Plant communications·2023

Same author

On the thermodynamics of DNA methylation process.

Scientific reports·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Investigating Tissue- and Organ-specific Phytochrome Responses using FACS-assisted Cell-type Specific Expression Profiling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Investigating Tissue- and Organ-specific Phytochrome Responses using FACS-assisted Cell-type Specific Expression Profiling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Published on: May 29, 2010

Organellar protein multi-functionality and phenotypic plasticity in plants.

Sally A Mackenzie¹, Hardik Kundariya¹

¹Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 362 Frear North Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences

|December 3, 2019

Summary

Plants adapt to climate instability using specialized organelles and proteins. These features, including epigenetic and transgenerational stability, enhance plant resilience and phenotypic plasticity.

Keywords:

WHIRLY abiotic and biotic stress epigenetics retrograde signalling

More Related Videos

Protein-protein Interactions Visualized by Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation in Tobacco Protoplasts and Leaves

Protein-protein Interactions Visualized by Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation in Tobacco Protoplasts and Leaves

Published on: March 9, 2014

mRNA Interactome Capture from Plant Protoplasts

mRNA Interactome Capture from Plant Protoplasts

Published on: July 28, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Investigating Tissue- and Organ-specific Phytochrome Responses using FACS-assisted Cell-type Specific Expression Profiling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Investigating Tissue- and Organ-specific Phytochrome Responses using FACS-assisted Cell-type Specific Expression Profiling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Published on: May 29, 2010

Protein-protein Interactions Visualized by Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation in Tobacco Protoplasts and Leaves

Protein-protein Interactions Visualized by Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation in Tobacco Protoplasts and Leaves

Published on: March 9, 2014

mRNA Interactome Capture from Plant Protoplasts

mRNA Interactome Capture from Plant Protoplasts

Published on: July 28, 2017

Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Climate instability necessitates understanding plant adaptation mechanisms.
Plants exhibit remarkable resilience through epigenetics and transgenerational stability.
Organelle neofunctionalization contributes to plant stress adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore plastid specialization and multi-functional organellar proteins in enhancing plant phenotypic plasticity.
To investigate the roles of specific proteins (MSH1, WHIRLY1, CUE1) in plant adaptation.
To highlight the potential for discovering novel organellar functions across plant species.

Main Methods:

Analysis of plant adaptation mechanisms.
Investigation of organellar protein functions and targeting.
Case studies on MSH1, WHIRLY1, and CUE1 proteins in Arabidopsis.

Main Results:

Evidence for plastid specialization and multi-functional organellar proteins.
Spatio-temporal regulation of plastid composition and interorganellar signaling enhance plasticity.
Specific proteins demonstrate roles in plant adaptation.

Conclusions:

Organellar neofunctionalization is a key mechanism for plant adaptation to stress.
Further research into multi-targeting proteins is warranted.
Plant adaptation strategies are diverse and species-specific.