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Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

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Pneumonia mortality, comorbidities matter?

Venceslau Hespanhol¹, Cristina Bárbara²

¹Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 Porto, Portugal.

|December 3, 2019

Summary

Pneumonia is a leading cause of death, especially in older adults. Patient comorbidities significantly increase the risk of dying from pneumonia, regardless of the specific condition.

Keywords:

Comorbidities Hospitalized pneumonia mortality Risk model

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Published on: April 7, 2015

Area of Science:

Medicine
Public Health
Epidemiology

Background:

Pneumonia is a major cause of mortality globally and the leading cause of respiratory death in Portugal (excluding lung cancer).
Understanding patient characteristics and their impact on pneumonia mortality is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify patient characteristics associated with increased risk of mortality from pneumonia.
To measure the impact of these characteristics on pneumonia-related deaths in hospitalized patients.

Main Methods:

Retrospective cohort study analyzing demographic and clinical data of hospitalized pneumonia patients (≥18 years) from Portugal's national health service registry in 2015.
Inclusion of 36,366 patients and 40,696 hospital admissions.

Main Results:

The median patient age was 80 years, with higher mortality observed in patients over 75 (30.3%).
Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequent bacterial isolate (41.2%), decreasing with age, while Gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus increased.
Key risk factors for mortality included advanced age (>75 years), residing in a senior house, and comorbidities like chronic renal disease, lung cancer, dementia, and ischemic heart disease. Diabetes, obesity, COPD, and smoking were not significantly associated with increased mortality risk.

Conclusions:

Comorbidities are decisive factors in hospital mortality for pneumonia, irrespective of their nature.
Age and specific chronic conditions significantly elevate the risk of death from pneumonia, highlighting the need for targeted management strategies.