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Related Concept Videos

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

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The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
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The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
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The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological...
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Related Experiment Video

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Cerebellar Regional Dissection for Molecular Analysis
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[From Cerebellum to Cerebrum].

Keisuke Toyama1

  • 1Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|December 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This research explores the cerebellar efferent system and visual cortex circuitry, detailing successes and failures in understanding neural plasticity. The findings contribute to the broader field of neuroscience and brain function.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cerebellar Function
  • Visual Cortex Plasticity

Background:

  • The cerebellar efferent system plays a crucial role in motor control and learning.
  • Understanding the laminar dependency within the visual cortex is key to deciphering sensory processing.
  • Neural plasticity underlies the brain's ability to adapt and learn.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complexities of the cerebellar efferent system.
  • To examine the laminar dependency of visual cortical circuitry.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of plasticity within the visual cortex.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental approaches were employed to study the cerebellar efferent system.
  • Electrophysiological recordings and imaging techniques were utilized to analyze visual cortical circuitry.

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  • Behavioral paradigms were used to assess neural plasticity.

    • Main Results:

    • The study identified key aspects of cerebellar efferent system function.
    • Significant findings were made regarding the laminar organization of the visual cortex.
    • Evidence was gathered on the dynamics of visual cortical plasticity.

    Conclusions:

    • The research provides insights into the cerebellar efferent system's role.
    • The findings highlight the importance of laminar organization in visual processing.
    • This work advances our understanding of neural plasticity in the visual system.