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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

189
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
189
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

158
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
158
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

205
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
205
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

160
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
160
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

191
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
191
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

175
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
175

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults
08:56

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Risk factor analysis of the decrease in gait speed among Japanese older outpatients with polypharmacy.

Masataka Deguchi1,2, Keigo Nishida3, Tomoyuki Enokiya4

  • 1Life Pharmacy, 475-1, Kozubeta, Tsu, Mie 514-0061 Japan.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences
|December 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Polypharmacy increases the risk of decreased gait speed in older adults. The number and type of medications, such as calcium channel blockers, are key factors. This finding helps identify elderly patients needing support.

Keywords:
Calcium channel blockerGait speedOlder outpatientsPolypharmacyPrescription contentsStratum corneum moisture content

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Pharmacology
  • Biomedical Science

Background:

  • Polypharmacy and frailty are significant concerns in the elderly population.
  • Decreased gait speed is a key indicator of frailty, linked to falls, fractures, and increased care needs.
  • This study investigates risk factors for reduced gait speed in elderly outpatients with polypharmacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors associated with decreased gait speed in older outpatients using multiple medications.
  • To explore the relationship between the number and type of medications and gait speed.
  • To establish potential indicators for identifying elderly individuals at high risk for requiring long-term care.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 31 participants (13 men, 18 women) aged 65 years and older.
  • Participants were regular users of five or more medications.
  • Statistical analysis included propensity score-adjusted multivariate logistic analysis.

Main Results:

  • The number of medications was significantly associated with the risk of decreased gait speed (OR: 16.00, p=0.0149).
  • A negative correlation was observed between the quantity of medications and gait speed.
  • Gait speed was significantly slower in the group taking calcium channel blockers compared to those not on these medications.

Conclusions:

  • Both the quantity and specific types of medications are risk factors for reduced gait speed in the elderly.
  • These findings can help identify patients at higher risk of needing support or long-term care.
  • Prescription content and medication load are crucial considerations in geriatric care and fall prevention strategies.