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Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool

Published on: May 25, 2021

A Systematic Review of Solid-Phase Microextraction Applications in the Forensic Context.

Nadia De Giovanni¹, Daniela Marchetti²

¹Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy.

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

|December 3, 2019

Summary

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) offers a versatile, solventless forensic analysis method. This review highlights its application in drug identification, fatality investigations, and alcohol abuse markers, demonstrating its effectiveness across various forensic contexts.

Keywords:

SPME forensic systematic review

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Area of Science:

Forensic Science
Analytical Chemistry
Toxicology

Background:

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has been a key advancement in forensic science since 1990.
It provides a fast, solventless alternative to traditional extraction methods, enhancing forensic analysis versatility.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the applications of SPME in forensic science between January 1995 and June 2018.
To consolidate findings on SPME's utility in diverse forensic investigations.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature review adhering to established guidelines.
Analysis of 133 articles focusing on SPME applications in drug identification, fatality investigations, alcohol abuse markers, human odor profiling, and living individuals.

Main Results:

SPME is widely used for drug identification (40/133 articles) and investigating fatalities (29/133 articles).
Headspace SPME is preferred for detecting alcohol abuse markers (28/133 articles) and analyzing volatile organic compounds for odor profiling.
Polydimethylsiloxane fibers and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) coupling are frequently employed.

Conclusions:

SPME demonstrates significant success in analyzing both living and cadaveric biological samples.
SPME findings, particularly for alcohol biomarkers in hair, are adopted by professional societies for abstinence verification and chronic alcohol consumption assessment.