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Blood Flow

Blood Flow

Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.

Eulerian and Lagrangian Flow Descriptions

Eulerian and Lagrangian Flow Descriptions

Fluid flow analysis is critical in many scientific and engineering disciplines, and two principal approaches are used to describe this flow: the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods. These methods offer different perspectives on monitoring and analyzing the motion of fluids, each with distinct advantages depending on the scenario.
The Eulerian method focuses on fixed points in space where fluid properties, such as velocity, pressure, and temperature, are observed as the fluid moves between these...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Spatial Temporal Analysis of Fieldwise Flow in Microvasculature

Spatial Temporal Analysis of Fieldwise Flow in Microvasculature

Published on: November 18, 2019

Spatial Temporal Analysis of Fieldwise Flow in Microvasculature.

Sherry G Clendenon¹, Xiao Fu², Robert A Von Hoene³

¹Biocomplexity Institute, Indiana University; Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove

|December 3, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed Spatial Temporal Analysis of Fieldwise Flow (STAFF) to quantify capillary blood flow dynamics. STAFF reveals significant spatial and temporal variations in flow velocity within microcirculation, offering novel insights into tissue perfusion.

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Area of Science:

Physiology
Biomedical Engineering
Optical Imaging

Background:

Blood flow velocity and distribution are crucial for tissue perfusion and can indicate pathologies.
Intravital microscopy (IVM) allows high-speed, cellular-level imaging in live animals.
Current methods for quantifying capillary flow are limited in scope and temporal resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a comprehensive and unbiased method for quantifying capillary blood flow.
To analyze the spatial and temporal variability of capillary flow in vivo.
To provide a tool for novel insights into microcirculation dynamics.

Main Methods:

Developed Spatial Temporal Analysis of Fieldwise Flow (STAFF), an open-source macro for FIJI image analysis software.
Utilized high-speed image sequences of capillary blood flow to generate kymographs.
Calculated red blood cell velocity from kymographs and generated color-coded spatial maps and tabular data.

Main Results:

STAFF enables comprehensive quantification of capillary flow across entire fields.
Significant differences in flow velocity were observed between pericentral and periportal regions in mouse livers.
Unexpected variations in flow velocity were detected between adjacent sinusoids and within individual vascular segments over seconds.

Conclusions:

STAFF is a powerful new tool for analyzing complex spatiotemporal dynamics of capillary flow.
The findings highlight previously undocumented spatial and temporal variability in microcirculation.
This method can provide novel insights into tissue perfusion and disease development.