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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Mitochondria and ageing with HIV.

Matthew Hunt1,2, Brendan A I Payne1,3

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Mitochondrial dysfunction may drive accelerated aging in some people living with HIV (PLWH). Further research is needed to understand its extent and therapeutic potential in aging with HIV.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Virology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Older individuals living with HIV (PLWH) can display signs of unsuccessful aging, including frailty.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is a known mechanism of aging, with growing interest in its role in PLWH.
  • Excessive mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to accelerated aging phenotypes in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential link between mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerated aging in PLWH.
  • To review current understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and chronic diseases.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and propose methods for incorporating mitochondrial dysfunction measures into HIV research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis.
  • Analogy with aging and chronic disease mechanisms.
  • Discussion of key unknowns and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Emerging data suggest mitochondrial dysfunction in PLWH may extend beyond historical antiretroviral therapy effects.
  • Advances in non-HIV research have reshaped the understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction mediators in aging.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is a plausible contributor to adverse aging phenotypes in some older PLWH.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is a potential therapeutic target for improving aging in PLWH.
  • Significant uncertainties remain regarding the prevalence and impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in PLWH.
  • Ongoing research is expected to provide clarity on these issues in the coming years.