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Stochastic Differential Scanning Calorimetry by Nonlinear Optical Microscopy.

Alex M Sherman¹, Andreas C Geiger¹, Casey J Smith¹

¹Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.

Analytical Chemistry

|December 3, 2019

Summary

This study integrates second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to observe stochastic phase transformations in crystals. The combined technique revealed complex thermal behaviors and a "cold phase transformation" in trehalose dihydrate.

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Area of Science:

Crystallography
Materials Science
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Crystalline phase transformations are crucial in materials science.
Conventional methods like differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) provide bulk information on phase transitions.
Observing single-particle stochastic transformations requires advanced imaging techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To integrate second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging with DSC for studying stochastic phase transformations at the single-particle level.
To investigate the molecular packing arrangements and lattice transformations during dehydration/desolvation events.
To explore the complex phase behavior of trehalose dihydrate using stochastic differential scanning calorimetry (SDSC).

Main Methods:

Utilized second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging, a technique sensitive to molecular packing in noncentrosymmetric lattices.
Employed differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to detect bulk phase transformations.
Developed and applied stochastic differential scanning calorimetry (SDSC) for single-particle analysis.

Main Results:

Successfully correlated SHG imaging observations of lattice transformations with DSC-detected phase transformations.
Observed stochastic phase transformations within individual crystalline particles.
SDSC revealed diverse single-particle thermal trajectories for trehalose dihydrate.
Provided direct evidence of a "cold phase transformation" in trehalose dihydrate, undetectable by conventional DSC.

Conclusions:

The integration of SHG imaging and DSC provides unprecedented insight into single-particle stochastic phase transformations.
SDSC is a powerful tool for characterizing complex phase behavior and uncovering subtle transformations like "cold phase transformations".
This approach advances the understanding of phase transitions in crystalline materials, particularly in biologically relevant molecules like trehalose.