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Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Oogenesis01:22

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Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
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Meiosis II02:02

Meiosis II

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Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Human Egg Maturity Assessment and Its Clinical Application
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Human Egg Maturity Assessment and Its Clinical Application

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Does 'Dual Trigger' Increase Oocyte Maturation Rate?

Avi Ben-Haroush1,2, Onit Sapir1, Lina Salman1,2

  • 1Infertility and IVF Unit, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
|December 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dual trigger, using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), significantly improves oocyte maturation rates in patients with previously low rates. This dual trigger approach is not beneficial for unselected patient populations.

Keywords:
GnRH agonistOocyte maturationdual triggerhCG

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • In Vitro Fertilization
  • Oocyte Biology

Background:

  • Co-administration of GnRH agonist and hCG for final oocyte maturation may enhance IVF outcomes in patients with a high proportion of immature oocytes.
  • Previous studies on dual trigger efficacy in patients with immature oocytes or normal responders have yielded conflicting results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the oocyte maturation rate when GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) and hCG are co-administered (dual trigger) compared to a standard hCG trigger within the same patient.
  • To determine if the dual trigger strategy benefits specific patient subgroups with suboptimal oocyte maturation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 137 patients undergoing GnRH antagonist ICSI cycles between 2013 and 2017.
  • Comparison of oocyte maturation rates between a standard hCG trigger cycle and a dual trigger cycle within each patient.
  • Subgroup analysis of patients with pre-existing low oocyte maturation rates (<70% and <50% after hCG trigger).

Main Results:

  • While patient age, FSH dose, and retrieved oocytes were higher in the dual trigger group, the overall oocyte maturation rate was identical between groups.
  • Dual trigger significantly increased oocyte maturation rates in patients with prior low maturation rates (<70% and <50% following hCG trigger), with rates increasing from 54% to 74% and 44% to 73%, respectively.
  • No significant improvement in oocyte maturation was observed in an unselected population of patients.

Conclusions:

  • Co-administration of GnRH-a and hCG (dual trigger) substantially increases oocyte maturation rates in selected patients with a history of low oocyte maturation.
  • The dual trigger strategy does not appear to benefit an unselected population of IVF patients.
  • Further larger prospective trials are needed to confirm these findings and assess oocyte response in dual trigger protocols.