Endothelium-mediated contributions to fibrosis

Area of Science:

• Cell biology
• Pathology
• Vascular biology

Background:

• Fibrosis is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition, impairing organ structure and function.
• While myofibroblasts are key players, endothelial cell contributions to fibrosis are increasingly recognized.
• Understanding these roles is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the multifaceted roles of endothelial cells in the initiation and progression of fibrosis.
• To consolidate current knowledge on endothelial cell-mediated fibrotic mechanisms.
• To emphasize endothelial cells as potential therapeutic targets in fibrotic diseases.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating endothelial cell involvement in fibrosis.
• Synthesis of data on endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT).
• Analysis of endothelial cell senescence, mediator secretion, and vascular effects in fibrosis.

Main Results:

• Endothelial cells contribute to fibrosis via EndoMT, generating myofibroblasts.
• Endothelial cell senescence and secretion of profibrotic factors promote fibrotic environments.
• Endothelial cells influence immune cell recruitment and vascular changes, including rarefaction and reduced angiogenesis.

Conclusions:

• Endothelial cells play a significant and diverse role in fibrotic processes.
• Targeting endothelial cell dysfunction offers a promising strategy for treating fibrotic diseases.
• Further research into endothelial cell biology is essential for advancing fibrosis treatment.