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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Efficient Genome Editing of Mice by CRISPR Electroporation of Zygotes
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Comments on the CRISPR Gene-edited babies' case.

Yali Cong1

  • 1Professor, Medical Ethics Programme, and Dean, Department of Medical Ethics and Health Law, Peking University Health Science Center, Yifu Teaching Building, 601#, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100 191 CHINA(PRC).

Indian Journal of Medical Ethics
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene editing created the first CCR5-edited twin girls, born to an HIV-positive father. The procedure involved CRISPR-Cas9 technology, raising ethical and regulatory concerns.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Bioethics
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology offers potential for disease prevention.
  • Human germline genome editing raises significant ethical and regulatory questions.
  • Previous research has explored CCR5 gene modification for HIV resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on the birth of twin girls resulting from CRISPR-Cas9 mediated CCR5 gene editing.
  • To investigate the circumstances and regulatory compliance surrounding the procedure.
  • To highlight the need for improved governance in human genome editing research.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro fertilisation (IVF) combined with CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing.
  • Targeted modification of the CCR5 gene in human embryos.
  • Post-birth investigation into the research and regulatory processes.

Main Results:

  • Twin girls were born in November 2018 with altered CCR5 genes.
  • An investigation revealed regulatory breaches and document forgery.
  • The study highlights potential risks and ethical violations in human germline editing.

Conclusions:

  • The reported case underscores critical regulatory and ethical failures in human genome editing.
  • There is an urgent need for enhanced governmental oversight and institutional policies.
  • Strengthening regulations is crucial to prevent misuse of gene editing technologies.