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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Related Experiment Video

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Absolute Quantification of Plasma MicroRNA Levels in Cynomolgus Monkeys, Using Quantitative Real-time Reverse Transcription PCR
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Circulating microRNA Profiles in Acetaminophen Toxicity.

Stephanie Carreiro1, James Marvel-Coen2, Rosalind Lee2

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA. stephanie.carreiro@umassmed.edu.

Journal of Medical Toxicology : Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology
|December 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Acetaminophen toxicity (APAP) can elevate microRNAs. This study found distinct microRNA patterns in severe APAP toxicity, aiding differentiation from other liver injury causes.

Keywords:
AcetaminophenBiomarkersDrug-induced liver injuryMicroRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Hepatology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Acetaminophen toxicity is a common cause of acute liver injury.
  • Elevated microRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to acetaminophen toxicity.
  • Differentiating acetaminophen toxicity from other causes of transaminase elevation is clinically important.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate overall miRNA profiles in acetaminophen toxicity.
  • To identify specific miRNAs that can differentiate acetaminophen toxicity from other causes of transaminase elevation.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study of adults with presumed acetaminophen toxicity.
  • Quantification of 327 serum miRNAs using real-time PCR.
  • Cluster analysis of miRNA expression data and comparison with clinical characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Five miRNA expression clusters were identified in 27 subjects.
  • Two clusters showed distinct clinical patterns associated with confirmed acetaminophen toxicity and high alanine aminotransferase.
  • Less severe cases exhibited heterogeneous miRNA profiles, making differentiation challenging.

Conclusions:

  • Severe acetaminophen toxicity cases display distinct miRNA elevation patterns.
  • MicroRNA profiling shows potential for diagnosing acetaminophen toxicity.
  • Further research is needed to integrate miRNA profiles into diagnostic algorithms for acetaminophen toxicity.