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Related Concept Videos

Dosage Compensation02:50

Dosage Compensation

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In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with  distinct numbers of X chromosomes will...
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Gene Conversion02:08

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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Gene Conversion02:08

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X-Inactivation01:58

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The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.
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Genome Copying Errors02:46

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DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
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Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Related Experiment Video

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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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Dosage Compensation: How to Be Compensated…Or Not?

Jingyue Duan1, Erica N Larschan1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|December 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Monarch butterflies exhibit two distinct dosage compensation methods within a single species. This finding reveals surprising diversity in how gene expression is regulated between sexes.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Dosage compensation is crucial for equalizing gene expression between males and females across species.
  • This process ensures proper development and function by regulating genes on sex chromosomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diversity of dosage compensation mechanisms.
  • To explore whether multiple modes of dosage compensation can exist within a single species.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression patterns in male and female monarch butterflies.
  • Comparative genomics to identify sex-specific regulatory elements.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of two opposing dosage compensation strategies in monarch butterflies.

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  • Evidence suggests differential regulation of gene expression between sexes within this species.

    • Conclusions:

    • Monarch butterflies present a unique model for studying dosage compensation.
    • The findings challenge the notion of a single, conserved dosage compensation mechanism per species.