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Obesity affects brain structure and function- rescue by bariatric surgery?

Minke H C Nota1, Debby Vreeken2, Maximilian Wiesmann3

  • 1Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
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PubMed
Summary

Obesity negatively impacts brain health, but weight loss from bariatric surgery (BS) shows promise. BS may improve brain structure, function, and cognitive abilities, potentially aiding neurodegenerative disease prevention.

Keywords:
Bariatric surgeryCognitionNeuroimagingObesity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolic Health
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Obesity significantly impairs metabolic health, negatively affecting brain function and structure.
  • Mechanisms linking obesity to brain dysfunction are not fully understood.
  • The rising prevalence of obesity correlates with increased bariatric surgeries (BS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between obesity, bariatric surgery, and brain health.
  • To explore how weight loss post-bariatric surgery influences cognitive function.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases by understanding BS mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current research on obesity, bariatric surgery, and neurological outcomes.
  • Analysis of studies examining brain structure, function, and cognitive performance before and after bariatric surgery.
  • Examination of mediating factors such as adipokines, gut hormones, and gut microbiota.

Main Results:

  • Obesity is associated with impaired brain circulation, brain atrophy, and reduced cognitive function.
  • Weight loss following bariatric surgery is linked to improved white and gray matter integrity.
  • Bariatric surgery can lead to functional brain changes and enhanced cognitive functioning.

Conclusions:

  • Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss appears to reverse some obesity-related brain abnormalities.
  • Changes in adipokines, gut hormones, and gut microbiota partially mediate the body weight-brain relationship.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which bariatric surgery impacts brain health.