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Blast-induced tinnitus: Animal models.

Jinsheng Zhang1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 Saint Antoine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|December 5, 2019
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Blast-induced tinnitus in military personnel damages the ear and brain. Understanding its mechanisms through animal models is crucial for developing effective treatments for this widespread condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Neurotraumatology
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • Blast-induced tinnitus is a common issue in military personnel and veterans.
  • Blast trauma damages cochlear microstructures and affects auditory and non-auditory brain regions.
  • Current treatments are lacking due to incomplete understanding of underlying mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent animal studies on blast-induced tinnitus.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms and neural correlates of blast-induced tinnitus.
  • To compare blast-induced tinnitus with noise-induced tinnitus.

Main Methods:

  • Behavioral analysis in animal models.
  • Electrophysiological recordings.
  • Neuroimaging and pharmacological assessments.

Main Results:

  • Mechanisms are similar to noise-induced tinnitus: increased neural firing, Mn++ accumulation, and heightened excitatory transmission.
  • Blast trauma affects both peripheral and central auditory systems, potentially involving traumatic brain injury.
  • Neural correlates of blast-induced tinnitus show greater variability and different time courses compared to noise-induced tinnitus.

Conclusions:

  • Animal models are essential for understanding blast-induced tinnitus.
  • Blast-induced tinnitus involves complex peripheral and central auditory system changes.
  • Further research is needed to differentiate and treat blast-induced tinnitus effectively.