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Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat
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Mouse methods and models for studies in hearing.

Kevin K Ohlemiller1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Central Institute for the Deaf at Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Fay and Carl Simons Center for Hearing and Deafness, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|December 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Laboratory mice are valuable models for hearing research, mimicking mammalian cochlear functions and age-related hearing loss. Their unique responses to injury and drug delivery methods offer insights for developing new hearing therapeutics.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Laboratory mice are extensively utilized as the primary animal model in hearing research.
  • The mouse cochlea shares fundamental operational principles, cell types, and injury patterns with other mammals.
  • Despite a shorter lifespan, mice exhibit age-associated pathologies similar to longer-lived species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of mice as a model for studying age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) and noise-induced cochlear injury.
  • To explore the feasibility and challenges of therapeutic drug delivery to the mouse cochlea.
  • To underscore the role of mice in preclinical testing for hearing therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of all Schuknecht's types of presbycusis in existing mouse lines.
  • Assessment of cochlear responses to noise exposure in mice.
  • Evaluation of systemic and local drug delivery routes to the mouse middle and inner ear.

Main Results:

  • Mouse models display various forms of presbycusis, including hair cell loss and strial degeneration.
  • Noise exposure in mice leads to alterations in hair cells and the organ of Corti, differing from simple hair cell loss.
  • Drug entry into the mouse cochlea is influenced by anatomical factors but potentially limited by middle ear clearance.

Conclusions:

  • Mice serve as a relevant model for investigating mechanisms of hearing loss and testing therapeutic interventions.
  • Genetically engineered mice offer opportunities to test specific hypotheses regarding auditory system function and disease.
  • Multiple animal models, including mice, are essential for comprehensive preclinical evaluation of hearing therapeutics.