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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...

Master Transcription Regulators

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

Multimodal Long Noncoding RNA Interaction Networks: Control Panels for Cell Fate Specification.

Keriayn N Smith¹, Sarah C Miller², Gabriele Varani³

¹Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 kns@email.unc.edu.

|December 5, 2019

Summary

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators of cell fate decisions during development. This review explores how lncRNA interactions guide cell identity and development, offering insights for regenerative medicine.

Keywords:

cell fate specification competing endogenous RNAs k-mers long noncoding RNAs miRNAs

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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

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Identification of RNAs Engaged in Direct RNA-RNA Interaction with a Long Non-Coding RNA

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Cell fate decisions are fundamental to multicellular organism development and regenerative medicine.
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) influence cellular plasticity, including pluripotency, differentiation, and development.
The precise functions and interaction mechanisms of many lncRNAs remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the diverse interactions of lncRNAs in cell fate specification.
To highlight the roles of lncRNAs in developmental contexts.
To discuss experimental and computational methods for studying lncRNAs.

Main Methods:

Literature review of lncRNA functions in cell fate specification.
Analysis of lncRNA interactions with proteins, DNA, mRNAs, and microRNAs.
Examination of lncRNA roles in developmental processes.

Main Results:

lncRNAs are not transcriptional noise but play significant roles in regulating gene expression and cellular processes.
lncRNAs interact with various biomolecules, influencing alternative splicing and chromatin modification.
Specific examples of lncRNA interactions in cell fate determination are presented.

Conclusions:

lncRNAs are key players in cell fate specification during early development.
Understanding lncRNA mechanisms is vital for advancing regenerative medicine.
Diverse experimental and computational approaches are available for lncRNA research.