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Spatial eco-evolutionary feedbacks mediate coexistence in prey-predator systems.

Eduardo H Colombo1, Ricardo Martínez-García2,3, Cristóbal López4

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Eco-evolutionary dynamics shape predator-prey communities. Spatial mixing influences predator perception, which in turn affects prey distribution and coexistence, demonstrating a feedback loop controlling community stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Mathematical Biology

Background:

  • Eco-evolutionary frameworks integrate ecological and evolutionary processes occurring over similar timescales.
  • Limited mobility in prey-predator systems and natural selection on predator perception are key factors.
  • Spatial structure can significantly influence community dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between evolutionary dynamics and spatial structure in a prey-predator community.
  • To understand how predator perceptual range evolves in response to spatial mixing.
  • To explore the community-level consequences of eco-evolutionary feedbacks.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling a prey-predator community with limited mobility.
  • Incorporating natural selection on predator perceptual range.
  • Analyzing the interplay between spatial mixing, predator perception, and community dynamics.

Main Results:

  • An eco-evolutionary feedback loop was identified between species spatial mixing and predator perceptual range.
  • Varying levels of spatial mixing select for specific predator perceptual ranges, altering prey distribution and predation intensity.
  • This feedback influences coexistence times and species extinction probabilities within the community.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial structure and evolutionary dynamics are intricately linked in prey-predator systems.
  • Predator perception evolves in response to spatial patterns, creating feedback loops that impact community stability.
  • The identified feedback mechanism is crucial for understanding coexistence and extinction dynamics.