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Muscle coordination is a complex and finely tuned process essential for smooth and purposeful movements like flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation. The human body orchestrates the actions of various muscles working in concert, each with a specific role. Four functional types describe how muscles work together: agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator.
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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Movement joints in buildings are essential design elements that accommodate inevitable motions caused by various factors such as temperature changes, moisture content variations, and structural deflections. These motions, if not considered in design and construction, can lead to unsightly or dangerous damage. Movement joints are incorporated in different forms to manage these stresses and allow materials to move without causing distress.
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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Functional Classification of Joints
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Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Postural Organization of Gait Initiation for Biomechanical Analysis Using Force Platform Recordings
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Postural Organization of Gait Initiation for Biomechanical Analysis Using Force Platform Recordings

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Publisher Correction: Anticipatory postural adjustments during joint action coordination.

A A Nogueira-Campos1, P M Hilt2, L Fadiga2,3

  • 1LabNeuro - Laboratory of Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. anaelli.campos@ufjf.edu.br.

Scientific Reports
|December 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study has a published amendment. Please refer to the link at the top of the paper for the updated version and important changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Not specified in the provided text.

Context:

  • An amendment to this scientific paper has been published.
  • The updated version is accessible via a link located at the top of the original paper.

Purpose:

  • To inform readers about a published amendment.
  • To direct readers to the updated version of the paper for accurate information.

Summary:

  • A published amendment is available for this paper.
  • Access the amendment through the link provided at the top of the document.

Impact:

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