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Response selection modulates crowding: a cautionary tale for invoking top-down explanations.

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Summary

Visual crowding, which limits object recognition, is reduced when objects belong to distinct groups. This effect does not require top-down knowledge but stems from response selection strategies, challenging previous assumptions about higher-level processing in visual perception.

Keywords:
Bottom-upCrowdingKnowledgeObject recognitionResponse selectionSimilarityTop-down

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Visual crowding limits object recognition in cluttered scenes.
  • Inter-object similarity, particularly for low-level features, reduces crowding via bottom-up processes.
  • Recent findings suggest group membership similarity also affects crowding, implying top-down knowledge is necessary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether top-down knowledge is essential for the reduction in visual crowding observed between objects of different group memberships.
  • To determine if explicit knowledge of group differences or the potential to acquire knowledge about target identity influences this effect.
  • To propose an alternative explanation for the influence of group membership on crowding.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted to test the role of knowledge in visual crowding.
  • Participants' ability to distinguish between objects from different groups was assessed.
  • An analytical model was developed to support the proposed mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Neither explicit knowledge of group differences nor the potential to learn target identities was necessary to observe reduced crowding.
  • The effect of group membership on crowding persists even without top-down knowledge.
  • Differences in flanker reportability, linked to group membership, were identified as the source of the effect.

Conclusions:

  • Top-down processes are not required to explain the influence of group membership on visual crowding.
  • Reduced crowding between distinct groups arises from differences in flanker reportability, not higher-level knowledge.
  • The findings suggest that previously attributed top-down effects in crowding may result from post-perceptual response selection strategies.