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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Somatosensation01:33

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
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Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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Cartesian Vector Notation01:28

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Cartesian vector notation is a valuable tool in mechanical engineering for representing vectors in three-dimensional space, performing vector operations such as determining the gradient, divergence, and curl, and expressing physical quantities such as the displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force. By using Cartesian vector notation, engineers can more easily analyze and solve problems in various areas of mechanical engineering, including dynamics, kinematics, and fluid mechanics. This...
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Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
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A Novel 2D Standard Cartesian Representation for the Human Sensorimotor Cortex.

Mark L C M Bruurmijn1, Wouter Schellekens1, Mathijs A H Raemaekers1

  • 1Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, PO Box 85500, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Neuroinformatics
|December 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new brain imaging method, Cgrid (Cartesian geometric representation with isometric dimensions), improves comparisons of sensorimotor activity across individuals and hemispheres. This technique offers a straightforward way to represent and analyze brain data, outperforming standard MNI space normalization.

Keywords:
Brain normalizationFunctional MRISensorimotor cortexSomatotopic mapping

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Brain Mapping
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Existing brain normalization techniques can be insufficient for analyzing regions with significant anatomical variation or for comparing homologous brain regions within subjects.
  • Accurate normalization is crucial for reliable cross-subject and cross-hemisphere comparisons in brain imaging studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel standard representation for brain imaging data called Cgrid (Cartesian geometric representation with isometric dimensions).
  • To assess the efficacy of Cgrid in comparing sensorimotor activity patterns across subjects and between cerebral hemispheres.

Main Methods:

  • Developed Cgrid, a method imposing a Cartesian grid on cortical regions of interest defined by anatomical landmarks.
  • Applied Cgrid to the sensorimotor cortex to analyze similarities in activation patterns for hand, foot, and tongue movements.
  • Benchmarked Cgrid's performance against standard MNI space normalization (SPM) and FreeSurfer's surface-based normalization.

Main Results:

  • Cgrid demonstrated high similarity scores for both between-subject and between-hemisphere comparisons of sensorimotor activity.
  • Cgrid's performance was comparable to FreeSurfer normalization and superior to SPM's MNI normalization.
  • The results indicate Cgrid's effectiveness in representing and comparing sensorimotor activity.

Conclusions:

  • Cgrid provides a robust and straightforward method for standardizing and comparing brain activity across subjects and hemispheres.
  • This novel representation enhances the analysis of sensorimotor cortex function in neuroimaging research.
  • Cgrid offers a valuable alternative to existing normalization techniques, particularly when anatomical variability is high.