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Related Concept Videos

Malaria01:29

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Protocols for Testing the Toxicity of Novel Insecticidal Chemistries to Mosquitoes
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Published on: February 13, 2019

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Optimising systemic insecticide use to improve malaria control.

Hannah R Meredith1,2, Luis Furuya-Kanamori3, Laith Yakob1

  • 1Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

BMJ Global Health
|December 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New systemic insecticides, like isoxazolines and spinosyns, show promise for malaria control. Diversifying drugs beyond ivermectin can combat insecticide resistance and improve sustainable malaria transmission reduction.

Keywords:
computational modellingmalariamosquitosystemic insecticidevector control

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Area of Science:

  • Vector-borne disease control
  • Parasitology
  • Medicinal chemistry

Background:

  • Insecticide resistance and behavioral changes in mosquito vectors hinder malaria elimination efforts.
  • Current tools like insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying face challenges.
  • Systemic insecticides offer a novel approach by targeting mosquitoes through blood meals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and evaluate systemic insecticide candidates for malaria vector control.
  • To assess the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of potential systemic insecticides.
  • To explore strategies for sustainable malaria transmission reduction through diversified systemic insecticide use.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a literature review to identify systemic insecticide candidates.
  • Consolidated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for identified drugs.
  • Utilized mathematical modeling to simulate the impact of different control options and dosing regimens on malaria transmission.

Main Results:

  • Identified four classes of systemic insecticides: avermectins, milbemycins, isoxazolines, and spinosyns.
  • Isoxazolines and spinosyns demonstrated potential for mass drug administration due to predicted less frequent application needs.
  • Simulations indicated favorable mosquitocidal blood concentrations for isoxazolines and spinosyns.

Conclusions:

  • Isoxazolines and spinosyns are promising candidates for mass drug administration in malaria control.
  • Diversifying systemic insecticides is crucial for sustainable malaria transmission reduction.
  • Findings guide future research and application of systemic insecticides for effective malaria control.