Small Bowel Evisceration through the Vaginal Vault: A Rare Surgical Emergency

Small bowel evisceration through the vagina is a rare surgical emergency that requires urgent surgical intervention because of the risk of developing acute small bowel ischemia. We present a case of a 91 year old female presenting with acute small bowel evisceration with majority of her small bowel visible outside the vagina. The bowel wall was edematous requiring emergent laparotomy and reduction of bowel with repair of the vaginal vault. The patient did not require bowel resection. Transvaginal small bowel evisceration is uncommonly described in the literature. Rare cases are reported in elderly, post-menopausal women who have undergone hysterectomy. Multiple approaches to surgical management including laparoscopic, open abdominal, transvaginal as well as combined approaches have been described. Perineal herniation must be kept in the differential in elderly post-hysterectomy patients with sudden onset of abdominal pain with urgent surgical intervention advised.