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Nail Involvement during Pemphigus
Bouchra Baghad1, Soumiya Chiheb1
1Department of Dermatology Venereology, Hospital Ibn Rochd, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco.
Skin Appendage Disorders
|December 5, 2019
Summary
Nail involvement in pemphigus, an autoimmune disease, is often underestimated. These nail changes, including paronychia and dystrophy, can indicate disease severity or relapse.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Autoimmune diseases
- Oncology
Background:
- Pemphigus is an autoimmune bullous disease impacting skin and mucous membranes.
- Nail involvement in pemphigus is frequently underestimated and presents with diverse clinical features.
- The study focuses on characterizing the clinical presentation of nail involvement in pemphigus patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the clinical aspects of nail involvement in patients diagnosed with pemphigus.
- To investigate the relationship between nail lesions and disease severity.
- To highlight the diagnostic and prognostic significance of nail changes in pemphigus.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective study analyzed 141 pemphigus cases over 12 years.
- Pemphigus diagnosis was confirmed through clinical and immunopathological data.
- Nail involvement was assessed in 37 patients after excluding fungal causes, with data collected pre-treatment.
Main Results:
- Nail involvement was observed in 60 out of 141 pemphigus patients.
- The primary clinical manifestations of nail involvement were paronychia and onychodystrophy.
- Ungual involvement correlated significantly with pemphigus severity, especially severe oral disease (p=0.002).
Conclusions:
- Nail lesions in pemphigus are polymorphic and indicative of chronic inflammation.
- Nail involvement can manifest before, during, or after mucocutaneous lesions.
- Ungual changes serve as a potential marker for pemphigus severity or disease relapse.