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Artificial intelligence for precision medicine in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Mohammed Uddin1,2, Yujiang Wang3,4, Marc Woodbury-Smith2,3
1Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE.
NPJ Digital Medicine
|December 5, 2019
Summary
Precision medicine aims to personalize patient care using AI. However, predicting neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains challenging due to complex factors.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Computer Science
Background:
- Precision medicine leverages large datasets for personalized diagnosis and treatment.
- Artificial intelligence (AI) shows success in predicting risks for cancers and cardiovascular diseases.
- Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) present unique challenges for risk prediction due to heterogeneity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the complexities of applying AI to predict risks and prognosis for NDDs.
- To explore strategies for overcoming challenges in NDD precision medicine.
- To assess AI's potential breakthrough in NDD diagnosis and management.
Main Methods:
- Review of current AI applications in precision medicine.
- Analysis of genomic variation, brain imaging, and neurophysiological markers for NDDs.
- Examination of phenotypic and etiologic heterogeneity in NDDs.
Main Results:
- AI has achieved success in predicting risks for some diseases but lags in NDDs.
- Genomic variation, while promising, is confounded by heterogeneity and rare variants in NDDs.
- Neuroimaging and neurophysiological markers require further development for NDD diagnostic sensitivity.
Conclusions:
- Significant hurdles exist in using AI for NDD risk prediction and prognosis.
- Addressing heterogeneity and improving marker sensitivity are crucial for AI in NDD precision medicine.
- AI holds potential to overcome these complexities and advance NDD care.