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Factors associated with fetal macrosomia
Vanessa Agudelo-Espitia1, Beatriz Elena Parra-Sosa2, Sandra L Restrepo-Mesa3
1Universidad de Antioquia. Escuela de Nutricion y Dietetica. Colombia.
Revista De Saude Publica
|December 5, 2019
Summary
Excessive gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes significantly increase the risk of fetal macrosomia. Managing pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and weight gain during pregnancy are key modifiable factors for better perinatal outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Fetal macrosomia, defined as a newborn weight of ≥ 4000g, poses significant risks during pregnancy and delivery.
- Identifying clinical factors and weight patterns associated with macrosomia is crucial for effective prenatal care and intervention.
- Previous research indicates a link between maternal weight and fetal growth, but specific factors require further investigation in diverse populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate clinical factors and gestational weight gain associated with fetal macrosomia in pregnant women in Antioquia, Colombia.
- To determine the predictive value of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, and gestational diabetes on neonatal macrosomia.
- To inform public health strategies aimed at reducing adverse perinatal outcomes related to fetal growth.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study was conducted using secondary data from 2010-2017.
- Cases were neonates with birth weight ≥ 4000g, and controls had birth weights between 3000-3999g.
- Generalized linear models with Poisson regression were used to analyze factors associated with macrosomia.
Main Results:
- The study included 122 pregnant women (61 cases, 61 controls).
- Significant associations with macrosomia were found for pre-pregnancy BMI (p=0.004), gestational weight gain (p=0.000), gestational diabetes (p=0.000), and delivery type (p=0.004).
- Excessive gestational weight gain increased macrosomia likelihood by 3.5 times, and gestational diabetes by 2 times.
Conclusions:
- Pre-pregnancy BMI, excessive gestational weight gain, and gestational diabetes are significant risk factors for neonatal macrosomia.
- These modifiable factors, particularly weight management through nutrition interventions, can help minimize adverse perinatal outcomes.
- Targeted interventions focusing on maternal weight and metabolic health are recommended to reduce the incidence of fetal macrosomia.
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