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Streptococcus gordonii Type I Lipoteichoic Acid Contributes to Surface Protein Biogenesis.

Bruno P Lima1, Kelvin Kho2, Brittany L Nairn1

  • 1Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Msphere
|December 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is crucial for Gram-positive bacteria, influencing surface protein presentation. Our study shows LTA deficiency in Streptococcus gordonii alters cell envelope homeostasis and biofilm formation.

Keywords:
Gram-positive bacteriaLTAStreptococcus gordoniicell walllipoteichoic acidsurface proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Cell Envelope Structure and Function

Background:

  • Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a vital polymer in Gram-positive bacterial cell envelopes, yet its precise physiological roles remain largely undefined.
  • Previous studies indicate LTA absence impacts bacterial hydrophobicity, biofilm formation, and cell division, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of LTA in the surface protein presentation of *Streptococcus gordonii*.
  • To elucidate the physiological consequences of LTA deficiency in *S. gordonii* and relate them to broader Gram-positive bacterial physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Generation and utilization of a viable LTA-deficient *Streptococcus gordonii* strain.
  • Label-free mass spectrometry analysis of cell wall fractions from wild-type and LTA-deficient strains.
  • Chemical characterization of LTA structure in *S. gordonii*.

Main Results:

  • LTA deficiency significantly altered the abundance of numerous cell surface proteins, including those involved in biofilm formation (SspA, SspB, SGO_0707), cell division (FtsE), cell wall biosynthesis (Pbp1a, Pbp2a), and stress response (DegP).
  • These protein changes correlated with observed alterations in cell envelope homeostasis, biofilm formation, and adhesion to eukaryotic cells.
  • *S. gordonii* produces a complex type I LTA, decorated with d-alanylations and glycosylations, similar to *Streptococcus suis*.

Conclusions:

  • Lipoteichoic acid in *S. gordonii* plays a critical role in orchestrating the expression and presentation of cell surface proteins.
  • LTA is essential for maintaining cell envelope homeostasis, facilitating biofilm formation, and mediating adhesion to host cells.
  • These findings provide a mechanistic understanding of LTA's importance in Gram-positive bacteria, extending beyond *S. gordonii*.