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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

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In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
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Emission Spectra02:39

Emission Spectra

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When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
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Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature01:27

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature

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Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
At thermal equilibrium, the relative populations of excited and ground state atoms can be estimated using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. For example, an increase in temperature...
804
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency01:11

Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency

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The earth's gravitational field produces a 'twisting force' perpendicular to the angular momentum of a spinning mass (such as a spinning top) that causes the mass to 'wobble' around the gravitational field axis in a phenomenon called precession. Similarly, the magnetic moment (μ) of a spinning nucleus precesses due to an external magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The precession of the magnetic moment vector about the magnetic field is called Larmor precession,...
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Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic
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Near-Sun observations of an F-corona decrease and K-corona fine structure.

R A Howard1, A Vourlidas2, V Bothmer3

  • 1US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA. Russ.Howard@nrl.navy.mil.

Nature
|December 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New Parker Solar Probe observations reveal a dust-free zone near the Sun and detailed plasma structures of small solar eruptions, including magnetic flux ropes and islands. This provides insights into solar corona dynamics and evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Solar Physics
  • Plasma Physics
  • Space Science

Background:

  • Remote observations of the solar corona (K-corona and F-corona) have been limited by distance.
  • Previous studies have not confirmed a theoretically predicted dust-free zone near the Sun.
  • The structure and initiation of small solar events remain uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To image the solar corona at unprecedentedly close distances (0.16-0.25 AU) using the Parker Solar Probe.
  • To investigate the existence of a dust-free zone near the Sun.
  • To resolve the fine-scale plasma structure of small solar eruptions.

Main Methods:

  • Imaging the solar corona during the Parker Solar Probe's perihelion passes.
  • Analyzing F-coronal intensity at short elongations to infer dust distribution.
  • Resolving fine-scale plasma structures of solar eruptions.

Main Results:

  • Observed a decrease in F-coronal intensity at short elongations, suggesting a dust-free zone.
  • Resolved fine-scale plasma structures of small solar eruptions, identifying magnetic flux ropes and magnetic islands.
  • Confirmed large-scale coronal topology and revealed substreamers within coronal streamers.

Conclusions:

  • The Parker Solar Probe observations provide evidence for a dust-free zone near the Sun.
  • The study resolves previously unobserved magnetic structures in small solar eruptions.
  • Coronal streamers are composed of smaller substreamers with continuous density fluctuations.