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Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

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The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
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Erythropoiesis01:14

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Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia,...
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Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors01:28

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Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Formation from Human Cord Blood-derived CD34+ Cells
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Developments in Artificial Platelet and Erythroid Transfusion Products.

Neslihan Meric1,2,3, Gulen Guney Esken4, Merve Uslu4,5

  • 1Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey. neslihan.meric@std.yeditepe.edu.tr.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Advancements in platelet transfusion products (PTPs) and erythroid transfusion products (ETPs) are crucial for patient care. Understanding in vivo mechanisms enables ex vivo production of these vital blood components.

Keywords:
ETPsErythroid transfusion productsErythropoiesisHematopoietic stem cellsMegakaryocytopoiesisMegakaryopoeiesisPlatelet transfusion products

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Treatment of Platelet Products with Riboflavin and UV Light: Effectiveness Against High Titer Bacterial Contamination
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A Microfluidic Flow Chamber Model for Platelet Transfusion and Hemostasis Measures Platelet Deposition and Fibrin Formation in Real-time

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A Microfluidic Flow Chamber Model for Platelet Transfusion and Hemostasis Measures Platelet Deposition and Fibrin Formation in Real-time
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A Microfluidic Flow Chamber Model for Platelet Transfusion and Hemostasis Measures Platelet Deposition and Fibrin Formation in Real-time

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Biotechnology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Platelet and blood transfusions are critical medical interventions.
  • Limited availability and short shelf-life of platelets necessitate novel production technologies.
  • Increasing clinical demand for blood transfusions drives research into erythroid transfusion products (ETPs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review innovations in platelet transfusion product (PTP) and ETP technologies.
  • To discuss recent findings in in vivo platelet release and blood formation.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding cellular and biophysical mechanisms for ex vivo product development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on PTP and ETP technologies.
  • Analysis of fundamental research on megakaryopoiesis and erythropoiesis.
  • Discussion of molecular and physiological mechanisms governing blood cell formation.

Main Results:

  • Development of various PTP production technologies.
  • Emergence of ETP technologies using stem cell differentiation.
  • Identification of key factors (stimulatory, growth, transcription) and biophysical conditions influencing blood cell formation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding in vivo mechanisms is essential for developing effective ex vivo PTP and ETP production.
  • Mimicking physiological conditions ex vivo allows for the creation of artificial transfusion products.
  • Innovations in transfusion technology hold significant promise for improving patient outcomes.