Private primary health care provider delay in tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment in Georgia

One national and two regional tuberculosis (TB) hospitals in Georgia.

To define the factors associated with private primary health care (PPHC) provider delay in TB diagnosis and treatment.

This was a cross-sectional study of data collected from consecutive patients with pulmonary TB from July 2015 to August 2016, complemented by qualitative data collected among PPHC providers/managers, TB patients and policy makers.

PPHC provider delay (>2 weeks from the first medical consultation for TB symptoms to the initiation of TB treatment) occurred in 43.8% of 320 TB patients. Modifiable factors significantly associated with PPHC provider delay included receiving any non-specific treatment before diagnosis of TB (adjusted OR [aOR] 9.45, 95%CI 5.10-17.51), adequate knowledge of TB (aOR 0.35, 95%CI 0.12-0.99) and lower TB-related stigma (aOR 0.47, 95%CI 0.28-0.81). Inappropriate referral of presumptive TB patients to general health facilities for chest X-ray examination, often followed by misinterpretation of X-ray results in these facilities, might mislead PPHC providers to initiate presumptive TB patients on non-specific treatment.

PPHC provider delay in TB diagnosis and treatment is common in Georgia, highlighting a need for targeted interventions to improve identification and referral of presumptive TB patients to specialised TB services and Xpert testing.