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Spontaneous and Induced Mutations01:30

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Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).
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Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

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Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
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Mismatch Repair01:20

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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Impact factor: Mutation, manipulation, and distortion.

Deepak Juyal1, Vijay Thawani2, Ashutosh Sayana3

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Govt. Doon Medical College, Dehrakhas, Patelnagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
|December 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The impact factor

Keywords:
Predatory journalsResearch integrityScience Citation IndexThomson Reuters

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Area of Science:

  • Bibliometrics and scientometrics
  • Research evaluation
  • Scholarly communication

Background:

  • The impact factor is increasingly relied upon in scientific publishing.
  • Overemphasis on impact factor can hinder early-career researchers' growth.
  • Misapplication of impact factor undermines its evaluative purpose.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically re-examine the application of impact factor in scientific publishing.
  • To advocate for a more judicious use of impact factor for accurate value judgment.
  • To address concerns regarding the detrimental effects of impact factor overemphasis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of critical analyses on impact factor.
  • Analysis of historical perspectives on scientific metrics.
  • Comparative study with other scientific evaluation tools.

Main Results:

  • The current application of impact factor is often misused and detrimental.
  • Eugene Garfield, the impact factor's creator, acknowledges its injudicious use.
  • Analogous to dynamite's misuse, impact factor's potential is undermined by poor application.

Conclusions:

  • Re-evaluating impact factor's application is crucial for fair scientific assessment.
  • Judicious use of impact factor is necessary to support, not hinder, scientific progress.
  • A more nuanced approach to research evaluation is needed to protect authors and promote genuine scientific merit.